Keith made seminal contributions to melanoma treatment by establishing the efficacy of BRAF, MEK, and combined BRAF/MEK inhibition in metastatic melanoma, with findings published in the New England Journal of Medicine as first or senior author. He has authored over 300 peer-reviewed research articles. He is principal investigator of the NCI MATCH trial and has served on the NCI Board of Scientific Advisors since 2018, the AACR Board of Directors since 2019, and is President-elect of AACR for 2025–26. Keith has also co-founded and served on the BOD for multiple companies including Loxo Oncology and Scorpion Therapeutics.